A key role for Canoes intrinsically disordered region in linking cell junctions to the cytoskeleton

AbstractAdherens junctions are key to tissue architecture, mediating robust yet dynamic cell-cell adhesion and, via cytoskeletal linkage, allowing cells to change shape and move. Adherens junctions contain thousands of molecules linked by multivalent interactions of folded protein domains and Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs). One key challenge is defining mechanisms conferring robust linkage and mechanosensing. Drosophila Canoe and mammalian Afadin provide superb entrypoints to explore how their complex protein structures and shared IDRs enable function. We combined genetic, cell biological and biochemical tools to define how Canoes IDR functions during morphogenesis. Unlike many of Canoes folded domains, the IDR is critical for junctional localization, mechanosensing and function. We took the IDR apart, identifying two conserved stickers in the IDR that directly bind F-actin, separated by less-conserved spacers. Surprisingly, while mutants lacking the IDR die as embryos with morphogenesis defects, no sub-region of the IDR is essential for viability. Instead, IDR stickers and spacers act combinatorially to ensure localization, mechanosensing and function.