N-Myc downstream regulated gene 1b is a regulator of cell adhesion during early muscle development

The complexity of cellular functions necessitates intricate pathways that govern protein synthesis, transport, and degradation; yet the mechanisms governing the trafficking of key developmental proteins in vivo remain incompletely understood. N-Myc downstream-regulated genes (NDRGs) have recently emerged as stress-responsive proteins with roles in protein trafficking, but their functions during normal embryogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we identify N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1b (Ndrg1b) as a novel regulator of N-cadherin (N-cad, cdh2) trafficking during zebrafish muscle development. We show that ndrg1b is broadly expressed during embryonic and larval stages and is required for proper skeletal muscle morphogenesis. Loss of Ndrg1b disrupts N-cad localization and impairs cell adhesion in vitro, highlighting a key role in maintaining tissue integrity. Mechanistically, Ndrg1b promotes the recycling of N-cad to the plasma membrane, identifying it as a novel component of the endocytic trafficking machinery in vivo. Given N-cads central role in development and disease, these findings provide new insight into how its localization is fine-tuned during morphogenesis. This work also expands the functional repertoire of NDRGs beyond stress response, suggesting that Ndrg1b - and potentially other NDRG family members - may broadly regulate transmembrane protein trafficking in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, these findings may shed greater light on the etiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 4D, which has been linked to mutations in NDRG1. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT(generated in Biorender) O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=132 SRC="FIGDIR/small/652902v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (29K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6fae68org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@235613org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e7fc8aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@175068c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Key takeawaysO_LIZebrafish ndrg1b is ubiquitously expressed in early development C_LIO_LILoss of Ndrg1b is strikingly similar to the loss of N-cadherin C_LIO_LINdrg1b is required for the proper subcellular localization of N-cadherin in muscle cells and for the proper morphogenesis of this organ C_LIO_LILoss of Ndrg1b reduces the ability of cells to aggregate in vitro C_LI