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Presynaptic vesicles supply membrane for axonal bouton enlargement during LTP

Kirk, L. M.; Garcia, G. C.; Zatyko, K.; Bartol, T. M.; Sejnowski, T. J.; Harris, K. M.

2025-05-01 neuroscience
10.1101/2025.04.29.651313 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Long-term potentiation (LTP) induces presynaptic bouton enlargement and a reduction in the number of synaptic vesicles. To understand the relationship between these events, we performed 3D analysis of serial section electron micrographs in rat hippocampal area CA1, 2 hours after LTP induction. We observed a high vesicle packing density in control boutons, contrasting with a lower density in most LTP boutons. Notably, the summed membrane area of the vesicles lost in low-density LTP boutons is comparable to the surface membrane required for the observed bouton enlargement when compared to high-density control boutons. These novel findings suggest that presynaptic vesicle density provides a new structural indicator of LTP that supports a local mechanism of bouton enlargement.

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