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Intersex Exceptions in U.S. Laws Restricting Medical Care for Transgender Minors

Mar, S. A.; Indig, G.; McNamara, M.; Boskey, E. R.; Dalke, K.; Dietz, E.; Carpenter, M.; Kraus, C.; Lorshbough, E.; McLamore, Q.; Zieselman, K.; Earp, B. D.; Wenger, H. C.

2025-04-22 health policy
10.1101/2025.04.22.25326142 medRxiv
Show abstract

Contemporary U.S. legislation restricts hormonal and surgical interventions for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) persons, primarily legal minors, who may need them and who voluntarily request them. We conducted a comprehensive review of all U.S. legislation from 2021 to 2024 that restricts voluntarily sought TGD-related healthcare and found explicit allowances for physically comparable, but non-voluntary interventions to "normalize" the benign bodily attributes of children with intersex conditions, or congenital variations in sex characteristics. Our findings could suggest a lack of equal regard for all individuals moral and legal rights to self-determination and bodily autonomy.

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