Sociodemographic Determinants of Respiratory Failure in Patients Hospitalized with SARI in Cali, Colombia

ObjectivesTo analyze the association between respiratory failure and sociodemographic determinants in patients hospitalized with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) in Cali, Colombia, in 2022. MethodA descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2022 respiratory failure notification file No. 348. A generalized linear model with an exponential binomial family was applied. Absolute frequencies, proportions, and odds ratios (OR) were estimated. ResultsOf 1,163 patients, 4.5% (n=52) developed respiratory failure. Those with high [OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.2-2.8] or medium-high [OR: 1.4; 95%CI: 0.9-3.7] vulnerability had a greater likelihood of respiratory failure compared to patients with low vulnerability. Asthma and COPD increased the risk [OR: 4.3; 95%CI: 1.5-6.03] and [OR: 3.3; 95%CI: 1.3-4.3], respectively. Sepsis was also identified as a significant risk factor [OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.8-3.5]. ConclusionsThe results emphasize the need for targeted public health actions. Sociodemographic factors, especially multidimensional poverty such as limited education, income, and healthcare access play a key role in respiratory failure outcomes.