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How should we study the indirect effects of antimicrobial treatment strategies? A causal perspective.

2025-04-04 epidemiology Title + abstract only
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Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires unbiased assessment of the benefits and harms of different treatment strategies, considering both immediate patient outcomes and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. In principle, these benefits and harms can be expressed as causal contrasts between treatment strategies and therefore should be ideally suited for study under the potential outcomes framework. However, causal inference in this setting is complicated by interference between individuals (...

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