Back

CNNeoPP: A Deep Learning Pipeline for Personalized Neoantigen Prediction and Liquid Biopsy Applications

Cai, Y.; Chen, R.; Song, M.; Wang, L.; Huo, Z.; Yang, D.; Zhang, S.; Gao, S.; Hwang, S.; Bai, L.; Lv, Y.; Cui, Y.; Zhang, X.

2025-03-23 allergy and immunology
10.1101/2025.03.22.25324446 medRxiv
Show abstract

Neoantigens have emerged as promising targets for personalized cancer immunotherapy. However, accurate identification of immunogenic neoantigens remains a challenge due to limitations in existing predictive models. Here, we present CNNeo, a novel deep learning-based neoantigen prediction model, and CNNeoPP, an integrated computational pipeline for neoantigen discovery. CNNeo employs natural language processing-based sequence encoding and multi-modal feature integration, demonstrating superior predictive performance compared to existing tools. CNNeoPP was rigorously validated using independent datasets, including the TESLA dataset, and experimental validation via ELISpot T-cell assays. Additionally, we conducted a proof-of-concept study utilizing plasma cell-free DNA to explore the feasibility of non-invasive neoantigen prediction. We found that increased sequencing depth enhances neoantigen detectability, further amplified by the prioritization strategy of CNNeoPP. CNNeoDB, a publicly accessible database was developed compiling neoantigen data from multiple sources. This study establishes robust tools for neoantigen prediction, with implications for optimizing cancer immunotherapy and liquid biopsy-based tumor monitoring.

Matching journals

The top 8 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

50% of probability mass above

"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.