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Tuft dendrites in frontal motor cortex enable flexible learning

Maristany de las Casas, E.; Killmann, K.; Drueke, M.; Muenster, L.; Ebner, C.; Sachdev, R.; Jaeger, D.; Larkum, M. E.

2025-03-13 neuroscience
10.1101/2025.03.13.642781 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Flexible learning relies on integrating sensory and contextual information to adjust behavioral output in different environments. The anterolateral motor cortex (ALM) is a frontal area critical for action selection in rodents. Here we show that inputs critical to decision-making converge on the apical tuft dendrites of L5b pyramidal neurons in ALM. We therefore investigated the role of these dendrites in a rule-switching paradigm. Activation of dendrite-inhibiting layer 1 interneurons impaired relearning, without affecting previously learned behavior. Remarkably, this inhibition profoundly suppressed calcium activity selectively in dendritic shafts but not spines while reducing burst firing. Moreover, excitatory synaptic inputs to tuft dendrites exhibited rule-dependent clustering. We conclude that active dendritic integration is a key computational component of flexible learning.

Published in Science (predicted rank #1) · training set

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