Immunogenic Cell Death: the Key to Unlocking the Potential for Combined Radiation and Immunotherapy
Rauf, S.; Smirnova, A.; Chang, A.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, Y.
Show abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhances anti-tumor immunity by releasing tumor-associated antigens and activating the anti-tumor immune system response. However, its potential remains understudied in combination therapies. Here, we develop a mathematical model to quantify the role of ICD in optimizing the efficacy of combined radiotherapy (RT) and macrophage-based immunotherapy. Using preclinical murine data targeting the SIRP-CD47 checkpoint, we show that RT alone induces minimal ICD, whereas disrupting the SIRP-CD47 axis significantly enhances both phagocytosis and systemic immune activation. Our model predicts an optimal RT dose (6-8 Gy) for maximizing ICD, a dose-dependent abscopal effect, and a hierarchy of treatment efficacy, with SIRP-knockout macrophages exhibiting the strongest tumoricidal activity. These findings provide a quantitative framework for designing more effective combination therapies, leveraging ICD to enhance immune checkpoint inhibition and radiotherapy synergy.
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