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Self-supervised image restoration in coherent X-rayneuronal microscopy

Laugros, A.; Cloetens, P.; Bosch, C.; Schoonhoven, R.; Pavlovic, L.; Kuan, A. T.; Livingstone, J.; Zhang, Y.; Hendriksen, A.; Holler, M.; Wanner, A. A.; Azevedo, A.; Batenburg, K. J.; Tuthill, J. C.; Lee, W.-C. A.; Schaefer, A. T.; Vigano, N.; Pacureanu, A.

2025-02-10 neuroscience
10.1101/2025.02.10.633538 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Coherent X-ray microscopy is emerging as a transformative technology for neuronal imaging, with the potential to offer a scalable solution for reconstruction of neural circuits in millimeter sized tissue volumes. Specifically, X-ray holographic nanoto-mography (XNH) brings together outstanding capabilities in terms of contrast, spatial resolution and data acquisition speed. While recent XNH developments already enabled generating valuable datasets for neuro-sciences, a major challenge for reconstruction of neural circuits remained overcoming resolving power limits to distinguish smaller neurites and synapses in the reconstructed volumes. Here we present a self-supervised image restoration approach that simultaneously improves spatial resolution, contrast, and data acquisition speed. This enables revealing synapses with XNH, marking a major milestone in the quest for generating connectomes of full mammalian brains. We demonstrate that this method is effective for various types of neuronal tissues and acquisition schemes. We propose a scalable implementation compatible with multi-terabyte image volumes. Altogether, this work brings large-scale X-ray nanotomography to a new precision level.

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