Multi-Omics Analysis of Wound Microbiome and Staphylococcus aureus in Pressure Ulcer

This study employs a multi-omics approach to investigate the wound microbiome and Staphylococcus aureus in pressure ulcers. Metagenomic sequencing and associated technologies were utilized to examine bacterial populations, identify dominant species, and study biofilm formation in S. aureus through metabolomic and proteomic characteristics. The results revealed a significant reduction in microbial diversity in pressure ulcer samples compared to controls, with Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Klebsiella being the most prevalent genera. Functional prediction analysis indicated differences in pathogenic invasiveness and biofilm formation factors among the groups. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was higher in the pressure ulcer group, particularly in Staphylococcus spp. strains. Whole-genome sequencing of 29 S. aureus isolates identified various clonal complexes and spa types, with the majority possessing genes conferring resistance to {beta}-lactam antimicrobials and virulence factors. Histopathological examination and fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of S. aureus in biofilm structures. In vitro biofilm formation tests and metabolomic and proteomic analyses provided insights into the interactions between S. aureus strains and their biofilm formation, revealing enriched pathways related to metabolic processes and membrane composition. This research offers a scientific foundation for understanding the colonization patterns of S. aureus biofilms in pressure ulcer wounds.