Shear stress inhibits adipocyte differentiation via downregulating lncRNA MALAT1

Adipocyte differentiation plays an important role in bone remodeling due to secretory factors that can directly modulate osteoblast and osteoclast, thus affecting overall bone mass and skeletal integrity. Excessive adipocyte differentiation within bone marrow microenvironment can lead to decreased bone mass, eventually causing osteoporosis. Mechanical microenvironment of bone marrow, including fluid shear, maintains the balance of adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation during bone remodeling. However, how mechanical cues interact with long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and regulating adipocyte differentiation remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the mechanosensitive role of lncRNA MALAT1 during mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adipocyte differentiation. By applying physiologically relevant shear stress, MSCs experienced morphological changes and adipocyte differentiation differences. Shear stress inhibits MSCs adipocyte differentiation with reduced oil-red-o-stained lipid droplets. Silencing MALATs results in reduced adipocyte differentiation. By leveraging a novel gapmer double stranded locked nuclei acid (dsLNA) nanobiosensor, we showed that shear stress inhibits MALAT1 expression with significantly reduced fluorescence intensity. Our findings suggest that shear stress influences adipocyte differentiation primarily through the downregulation of MALAT1, highlighting a significant interplay between biophysical cues and lncRNAs. This interaction is crucial for understanding the complexities of bone remodeling and the potential therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs to treat bone-related disorders.