Extracellular stiffness regulates site-specific lung development
Liao, Z.; Lv, J.; Wang, D.; Chen, X.; Zhao, J.; Xu, T.; Meng, H.; Liu, H.
Show abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness plays a crucial role in regulating cell fate and maturation, but its influence on lung development is limited known. Here we utilized stiffness-tunable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels to investigate how ECM stiffness influences site-specific lung development in a stem cell-derived lung organoid model. We found increased stiffness promoted NKX2-1+ lung progenitor cells (LPCs) generation. In airway organoids (hAWOs), stiff hydrogels directed proximal airway differentiation enriched with goblet, ciliated, and basal cells; whereas the decreased stiffness favored emergence of secretory cells in the proximal-distal transition zone and distal airway. In alveolar organoids (hALOs), increased stiffness enhanced AT2 and AT1 cells transition. Moreover, infection assays with Omicron BA.1.1 and Delta variants recapitulated the proximal-to-distal tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed ECM stiffness regulates lung development via Hippo, TGF-{beta}, HIF and Wnt pathways. These findings advance mechanism understanding of ECM stiffness on lung development and provide a novel mechanical regulation for generating site-specific lung organoids.
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