The Role of Self-efficacy Towards Health-promoting Lifestyle among Patients with Non-communicable Disease: A Systematic Literature Review

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) will be a major cause of death worldwide by 2023. One effective strategy for preventing and managing NCDs is the implementation of health-promoting lifestyle intervention programs. Self-efficacy is a key factor associated with the adoption of health- promoting lifestyle practices. This review aims to examine the role of self-efficacy in fostering health-promoting lifestyles among patients with NCDs. MethodA literature search was conducted across three scientific databases -- Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science --targeting original articles published in English between 2015 and 2024 that identified health-promoting lifestyle as an outcome. The quality of the eligible articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools, and the findings were synthesized through content analysis. ResultsThe initial search identified 308 citations. A total of eight studies meeting the criteria of the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were included, highlighting the direct effects of self-efficacy. Self- efficacy was demonstrated as a positive predictor of health-promoting lifestyle as a whole construct, as well as the physical activity dimension, among patients with NCDs, particularly those with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute stages of cancer. LimitationAll included studies were cross-sectional design. Therefore, the evidence quality was relatively low and exhibited a high risk of bias. Furthermore, there was language bias as only English- language publications were selected. ConclusionThe findings of this review will guide healthcare providers in enhancing self-efficacy as a crucial positive predictor of health-promoting lifestyles among patients with non-communicable diseases. This approach can be integrated into clinic consultations and intervention programs. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of self-efficacy in improving a health-promoting lifestyle.