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Localizing electrophysiologic cue-reactivity within the nucleus accumbens guides deep brain stimulation for opioid use disorder

Qiu, L.; Nho, Y.; Seilheimer, R. L.; Kim, M. J.; Tufanoglu, A.; WILLIAMS, N.; Wexler, A.; David, O.; Millet, B.; Katherine, S. W.; Pesaran, B.; Evins, A. E.; Richardson, M.; Childress, A. R.; Halpern, C. H.

2025-02-28 neuroscience
10.1101/2024.12.30.630822 bioRxiv
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Abstract / SummarySubstance use disorder (SUD) is a significant public health concern, with over 30% of the affected population not responding to available treatments. Severe SUD is characterized by drug-cue reactivity that has been reported to predict treatment-failure. We leveraged this pathophysiological feature to optimize deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens region (NAc) in an adult with SUD. A personalized drug cue-reactivity task was administered while recording NAc region electrophysiology from a lead externalized for clinical purposes. We identified a drug cue-evoked signal in the ventral NAc associated with intensification of opioid-related cravings, which attenuated subsequent to stimulation delivered to the same area. DBS was then programmed to engage this focal region, which resulted in sustained suppression of drug-related cravings. This finding heralds the potential for personalized strategies to optimize DBS for SUD.

Published in Nature Communications (predicted rank #4) · training set

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