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Evolutionary conserved reciprocal senescence and tumor suppressor signals limit lifetime cancer

Liu, L.; Davis, S.; Yusuff, S.; Strange, A.; Zhuang, Y.; Vaddi, P.; Flaherty, K.; Jara, K.; Kramer, J.; Archer, C.; Lee, S.; Gao, B.; van Bokhoven, A.; Wang, W.; Pine, S. R.; Nakamura, T.; Sabaawy, H. E.

2024-12-29 cancer biology
10.1101/2024.12.28.630560 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Cellular senescence features a durable exit from the cell cycle triggered by stress or carcinogens. The INK4 locus is inactivated in various cancers, yet in senescence, p16Ink4a is activated. Whether senescence is tumor-suppressing or -promoting remains a conundrum. We discovered an evolutionally-conserved Vertebrata INK4-homolog. This ink4ab triggers senescence upon oxidative- and/or carcinogenic-stress. Adult Ink4ab-deficient animals failed to activate senescence and developed spontaneous cancers. Combined Ink4ab and Tp53 deficiency revealed a reciprocal senescence and apoptosis regulation, controlling tumorigenesis, including retinoblastoma. INK4-hematopoietic-deficient mice exhibited p19Arf-dependent enhanced senescence-like phenotypes, uncontrolled cell proliferation, defective stem cell differentiation, and splenomegaly, with single-splenocytes spatially-enriched in senescence-associated secretory profiles. Our studies reveal the evolutionary origin of paradigms co-regulating senescence and tumor suppression and offer strategies to exploit these reciprocal pathways for cancer prevention and therapy.

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