Attention field as a cognitive-behavioral marker for demarcating internet- but not smoking-addiction from reward
Mao, M.; Cai, Y.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Dong, W.; Wang, Y.; ZHANG, X.
Show abstract
Attentional effect (AE), attention profile (AP), and attention field (AF) have been studied extensively, however, their roles in addiction and demarcating addiction from rewards remain unclear. Using a modified Posner-paradigm with two types of pre-rewarded-cues (addiction-related and addiction-unrelated) and four groups (smoking-dependents, internet-dependents, and respective HCs), we found that both AEs and APs were independent of either cue type or group, while AFs were interactively modulated by the two. AFs of addiction-related cues were narrower than those of addiction-unrelated cues for internet-dependents, but not for either smoking-dependents or HCs; AFs of internet-dependents (not smoking-dependents) were narrower than those of HCs for addiction-related cues, but not for addiction-unrelated cues. Significantly, internet-dependents reduced AFs can be simulated by the divisive-normalization computation, both of which closely tracked their addictive severities. Our findings identify a cognitive-behavioral marker for demarcating internet-addiction from rewarding, arguing against the notion that internet-addiction, or, more generally, non-substance-addiction, is ill-posed.
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