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Time-resolved fluorescent proteins towards fluorescence microscopy in the temporal and spectral domains

Tan, Z.; Hsiung, C.-H.; Feng, J.; Zhang, Y.; chen, J.; Sun, K.; Lu, P.; Zang, J.; Yang, W.; Gao, Y.; Yin, J.; Zhu, T.; Ye, Y.; Wan, Y.; Zhang, X.

2024-12-20 biochemistry
10.1101/2024.12.16.628778 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Fluorescence microscopy has been widely applied in life sciences. While steady-state fluorescence intensity is mostly used, the time-resolved detection mode relying on fluorescence lifetime remains underexplored. Herein, we present a family of time-resolved fluorescent proteins (TRFP). Using a strategy that regulates lifetime without affecting spectra of FPs, we have developed different TRFPs that cover the visible spectrum and a wide range of lifetime. TRFPs are employed in the temporal-spectral resolved microscopy, allowing the simultaneous imaging of 9 different proteins in live cells and correlation of multiple activities to cell cycles. Finally, TRFPs are integrated into multiplexing super-resolution microscopy to concurrently visualize 4 proteins in live cells, acquiring a remarkable 50 nm spatial resolution using lifetime as signal. TRFPs represent a transformative toolset towards fluorescence microscopy in both the temporal and spectral domains. Beyond the multiplexing imaging, TRFPs could introduce unprecedented opportunities of system complexity and quantitative accuracy into biological research.

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