Post-SARS-CoV-2 Onset Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms in Two Cohort Studies of COVID-19 Recovery
Jamal, A.; Dalhuisen, T.; Gallego Marquez, N.; Dziarski, A. D.; Uy, J.; Walch, S. N.; Thomas, S. A.; Fehrman, E. A.; Romero, A. E.; Zelaya, A. S.; Akasreku, E. A.; Adeagbo, T. V.; Pasetes, E. C.; Akbas, S. Y.; Azola, A. M.; Deeks, S. G.; Kelly, J. D.; Martin, J. N.; Henrich, T. J.; Landay, A. L.; Peluso, M. J.; Antar, A. A. R.
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ObjectiveTo determine how many people with long COVID also meet diagnostic criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). MethodsWe identified which participants with long COVID also met the Institute of Medicine (IOM) or the 2003 Canadian Consensus Criteria (CCC) for ME/CFS at approximately 6-8 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in two cohorts: (1) the JHU COVID Recovery cohort, which enrolled participants within 4 weeks of infection and (2) the Long-term Impact of Infection with Novel Coronavirus (LIINC) cohort, which enriched for participants with long COVID. Neither study administered ME/CFS-specific surveys, so available data elements were mapped onto each ME/CFS diagnostic criteria. ResultsOf 97 JHU participants with long COVID, 5 met IOM criteria and 2 met CCC criteria. Of 281 LIINC participants with long COVID, 51 met the IOM criteria and 29 met the CCC criteria. In LIINC, participants with long COVID meeting ME/CFS criteria were more likely to be female and report a greater number of post-COVID symptoms (p<0.001). ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of ME/CFS symptoms and long COVID suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is a cause of ME/CFS. ME/CFS-specific measures should be incorporated into studies of post-acute COVID-19 to advance studies of post-SARS-CoV-2 onset ME/CFS.
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