Study the Effect of Green Method Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles with Ionization Radiation on Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) hold considerable importance in the fields of medicine and pharmacy owing to their pronounced affinity for glucose. These nanoparticles are synthesized utilizing environmentally friendly vitamin C extracted from Iraqi lemons, possessing dimensions of less than 20 nanometers and exhibiting both star and spherical morphologies, which are conducive to efficient cellular penetration. Optical assessments, including ultraviolet absorption, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have validated that the sizes of Cu-NPs are indeed optimal for applications in biomedicine. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzymatic protein that plays a pivotal role in cellular respiration. A study conducted on cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, administered at a total dose of 30 Gy divided into 12 sessions of 2.5 Gy per session, revealed a significant elevation in LDH enzyme levels in both in vivo and in vitro samples, with notable increases up to 7.5 Gy, followed by behavioral alterations observed at dosages of 10 and 15 Gy. The initial doses of irradiation were found to enhance the effectiveness of LDH, thereby facilitating the proliferation of cancer cells. In an effort to mitigate this effect, Cu-NPs were employed, resulting in a reduction of HDL activity by -36% in the control samples. Nevertheless, exposure to X-ray irradiation modified the characteristics of Cu-NPs, leading to an increase in HDL enzyme values, which may be attributed to alterations in nanostructure or surface interactions.