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Single-cell multiomics of pediatric BM reveals age-dependent differences in lineage differentiation linked to stromal cell heterogeneity

Hanemaaijer, E. S.; Muskens, K. F.; Kal, I. J.; te Pas, B. M.; Fryzik, P.; Epskamp, N.; Balwierz, A.; Candelli, T.; de Jonge, W. J.; Margaritis, T.; Belderbos, M. E.

2024-11-03 immunology
10.1101/2024.10.31.621155 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Childhood is critical for hematopoietic development and the onset of hematologic diseases. To explore hematopoietic changes from infancy through adolescence, we generated a multi-modal single-cell atlas capturing mRNA and surface protein expression of 90.710 bone marrow (BM) cells. This includes hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, from seven pediatric individuals and two young adults. We demonstrate that young pediatric BM is distinct from adolescents/young adults (AYA), shifting from B-lineage dominance in early childhood to myeloid and T-lineage bias in adolescence. We uncover two distinct lymphoid progenitors (LyPs) subsets regulating this shift: CD127-positive LyPs with B-lineage output, most abundant in early childhood, and CD127-negative LyPs with lymphoid and myeloid features, more common in AYAs. Age-related changes in stromal composition and signaling, mediated by IL-7 and TGF-{beta}1, correspond with this lineage shift. This study provides an in-depth resource for understanding healthy hematologic development and potential early-life perturbations underlying pediatric hematologic diseases.

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