Back

Don't Jump to Faulty Conclusions: Using the Synthetic Control Method to Evaluate the Effect of a Counterfactual Lockdown in Sweden

Herby, J.

2024-09-23 health economics
10.1101/2024.09.20.24314059 medRxiv
Show abstract

Several studies based on the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) link the many COVID-19 deaths in Sweden during the spring of 2020 to its decision not to lock down. These studies predominantly rely on a limited pre-intervention period and tend to focus on the very short run neglecting that Swedish health authorities emphasized that their public health strategy was designed for the long run. This paper handles these shortcomings expanding both the pre- and post-intervention period considerably using weekly mortality rates. I find no significant effect of the absence of lockdown on COVID-19 mortality neither in the short or long run. Using the timing of the winter holiday as a proxy for the extent/spread of COVID-19 in societies before lockdown - a variable which is unobservable due to limited testing - I suggest that the effect of lockdowns found in earlier studies using Sweden as a control are likely to be partially driven by unobserved variables rather than policies.

Matching journals

The top 7 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

50% of probability mass above

"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.