Synaptonemal complex protects double-Holliday junctions during meiosis

Chromosomal linkages formed through crossover recombination are essential for accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis1. The DNA events of recombination are linked to structural components of meiotic chromosomes2. Imperatively, the biased resolution of double-Holliday junction intermediates (dHJs) into crossovers3,4 occurs within the synaptonemal complex (SC), the meiosis-specific structure that mediates end-to-end synapsis of homologs during the pachytene stage5,6. However, the SCs roles in crossover-specific dHJ resolution remains unclear. Here, we show that key SC components function through dependent and interdependent relationships to protect dHJs from aberrant "dissolution" into noncrossover products. Conditional ablation experiments reveal that cohesin, the core of SC lateral elements, is required to maintain both synapsis and dHJ-associated crossover recombination complexes (CRCs) during pachytene. The SC central region transverse-filament protein is also required to maintain CRCs. Reciprocally, stability of the SC central region requires the continuous presence of CRCs, thereby coupling synapsis and desynapsis to dHJ formation and resolution. However, dHJ protection and maintenance of CRCs can occur without end-to-end homolog synapsis mediated by the central element of the SC central region. We conclude that local ensembles of SC components are sufficient to enable crossover-specific dHJ resolution and thereby ensure the linkage and segregation of homologous chromosomes.