Reactive Oxygen species dependent increase in H3K27 acetylation by intermittent hypoxia is regulated by H3S28 phosphorylation

Histones play a crucial role in regulating gene expression through post -translational modifications (PTMS) which include acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. We have previously identified histone 3 acetylation (H3Kac) and methylation (H3Kme) as an early epigenetic mechanism associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark feature of sleep apnea. The goal of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying IH increased H3 acetylation. IH-induced H3 acetylation was blocked by an antioxidant. Conversely, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mimetics, increased H3 acetylated protein expression similar to IH, suggesting a role for ROS. Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor mimicked IH-induced H3 acetylation under normoxic conditions, while pharmacological blockade of p300/CBP (HAT, histone acetylase) with CTK7A abolished IH-induced H3 acetylation. These results suggest that interplay between HATs and HDACs regulate ROS-dependent H3 acetylation by IH. Lysine 27 (H3K27) on H3 was one of the lysines specifically acetylated by IH and this acetylation was associated with dephsophorylation of H3 at serine 28 (H3S28). Inhibition of S28 dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase inhibitors (PIC or Calyculin A), prevented H3K27 acetylation by IH. Conversely, inhibiting K27 acetylation with CTK7A, increased S28 phosphorylation in IH-exposed cells. These findings highlight the intricate balance between H3 acetylation and phosphorylation in response to IH, shedding light on epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. (Supported by NIH-PO1-HL90554).