Open-hardware solutions for light sheet microscopy specimen chambers

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a powerful tool for imaging large three-dimensional biological samples. However, the design and fabrication of specimen chambers for these systems present significant challenges, particularly in maintaining water-tight seals, preventing contamination, and ensuring the flexibility needed for precise positioning of the objective and sample. This study introduces open-hardware solutions to address these challenges, utilising a combination of 3D printing, silicone injection moulding, and FEP-foil thermoforming. We describe the development of custom, highly flexible silicone seals and connectors through a laboratory-scale injection moulding process. These components enable precise, low-resistance movement of imaging objectives and specimen holders, which is crucial for maintaining imaging accuracy. Additionally, we introduce a novel "optical window" design that isolates the objective lens from the immersion medium, significantly reducing the risk of contamination and facilitating easy exchange of chambers and lenses without compromising sterility. The practicality of these designs is demonstrated through their application in long-term live imaging of Tribolium castaneum embryos, honey bee embryos, and human mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. By providing open-source CAD and 3D printing files, this work promotes accessibility and customization in microscopy, enabling researchers to easily replicate and adapt these solutions to their specific needs.