High fat low carbohydrate diet is linked to protection against CNS autoimmunity
Ni, D.; Tan, J.; Reyes, J.; Senior, A.; Andrews, C.; Taitz, J.; Potier, C.; Wishart, C.; Spiteri, A. G.; Piccio, L.; King, N. J. C.; Barres, R.; Raubenheimer, D.; Simpson, S.; Nanan, R.; Macia, L.
Show abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease, and diets and nutrients are emerging as critical contributing factors. However, a comprehensive understanding of their impacts and the underlying mechanisms involved is lacking. Harnessing state-of-the-art nutritional geometry analytical methods, we first revealed that globally, increased carbohydrate supply was associated with increased MS disease burden, while fat supply had an opposite effect. Furthermore, in a preclinical MS mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we found that an isocaloric diet high in carbohydrate aggravated EAE, while a diet enriched in fat was fully protective. This was reflected by reduced neuroinflammation and skewing towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which involved transcriptomic, epigenetic and immunometabolic changes. We showcased that manipulating diets is a potentially efficient and cost-effective approach to prevent and/or ameliorate EAE. This exhibits translational potentials for intervention/prevention of MS and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
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