Oligodendrocyte precursor cells exacerbate acute CNS inflammation via macrophage and T cell activation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a type of glial cell that differentiates into mature oligodendrocytes, a cell type that contributes to myelination, but their roles in the pathologies are not fully understood. Activities other than differentiation into oligodendrocytes have recently been reported for OPCs present in the inflammatory milieu, but intervention studies using animal models are lacking. This study aimed to explore the role of OPCs in mouse MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using inducible diphtheria toxin receptor-expressing transgenic mice, platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFR)+ OPCs were depleted in EAE mice. Surprisingly, OPC depletion in the acute phase improved clinical scores and reduced demyelination. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II was reduced in the spinal cord, whereas astrocyte marker and blood-spinal cord barrier tight junction and adhesion molecule expressions were unaffected after OPC depletion. The numbers of T cells and IL17-expressing Th17 cells were decreased in the spinal cords of the OPC-depleted group. MHC class II expression in spinal cord macrophages was consistently decreased by OPC depletion. These data suggest that in the acute phase of EAE, OPCs are involved in activation of infiltrated macrophages and induce subsequent T cell activation and neuroinflammation. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, this implies that OPCs exist not only as the source for oligodendrocytes but also play a pivotal role in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune inflammation. Table of Contents Image O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=72 SRC="FIGDIR/small/596190v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (24K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@98162dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d7f92dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1280619org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a85907_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG MAIN POINTSO_LIOPC depletion in the acute phase of EAE improved clinical scores and reduced demyelination. C_LIO_LIOPC depletion in the spinal cord suppressed Antigen presentation via MHC class II. C_LIO_LIOPCs are involved in activation of infiltrated macrophages and induce subsequent T cell activation and neuroinflammation. C_LI