A Recurrent Neural Network for Rhythmic Timing

Despite musics omnipresence, the specific neural mechanisms responsible to perceive and anticipate temporal patterns in music are unknown. To study potential mechanisms for keeping time in rhythmic contexts, we train a biologically constrained RNN on seven different stimulus tempos (2 - 8Hz) on a synchronization and continuation task, a standard experimental paradigm. Our trained RNN generates a network oscillator that uses an input current (context parameter) to control oscillation frequency and replicates key features of neural dynamics observed in neural recordings of monkeys performing the same task. We develop a reduced three-variable rate model of the RNN and analyze its dynamic properties. By treating our understanding of the mathematical structure for oscillations in the reduced model as predictive, we confirm that the dynamical mechanisms are found also in the RNN. Our neurally plausible reduced model reveals an E-I circuit with two distinct inhibitory sub-populations, of which one is tightly synchronized with the excitatory units.