The insulin / IGF axis is critically important controlling gene transcription in the podocyte.

Signalling to the podocyte via the structurally related insulin receptor (IR) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is important for podocyte function. This study sought to elucidate the compound role of the insulin/IGF1 axis in podocytes using transgenic mice and cell culture models deficient in both receptors. Podocyte specific IR/IGF1R knockdown mice developed a severe kidney phenotype with albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and renal failure with death occurring in some mice between 4 and 24 weeks. Simultaneous knockdown of both receptors in cultured podocytes resulted in >50% cell death by 7 days. Proteomic analysis revealed a striking downregulation of spliceosome-related proteins in IR/IGF1R knockdown podocytes with long-read RNA sequence data indicating an increased fraction of transcripts with intron retention/premature termination codons in these cells. Furthermore, phospho-proteomic analysis revealed multiple insulin / IGF1 induced spliceosomal post-translational protein and kinase modifications suggesting dynamic control of this system. This study underlines the critical importance of podocyte insulin/IGF signalling revealing a novel role for this extrinsic hormonal signalling axis in regulating gene transcription in this cell type.