Back

Health Disparities and Reporting Gaps in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Enabled Medical Devices: A Scoping Review of 692 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510k Approvals

Murali, V.; Adewale, B. A.; Huang, C. J.; Nta, M. T.; Ademiju, P. O.; Pathmarajah, P.; Hang, M. K.; Adesanya, O.; Abdullateef, R. O.; Babatunde, A. O.; Ajibade, A.; Onyeka, S.; Cai, Z. R.; Daneshjou, R.; Olatunji, T.

2024-05-20 health policy
10.1101/2024.05.20.24307582 medRxiv
Show abstract

Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI/ML) models in healthcare may exacerbate health biases. Regulatory oversight is critical in evaluating the safety and effectiveness of AI/ML devices in clinical settings. We conducted a scoping review on the 692 FDA 510k-approved AI/ML-enabled medical devices to examine transparency, safety reporting, and sociodemographic representation. Only 3.6% of approvals reported race/ethnicity, 99.1% provided no socioeconomic data. 81.6% did not report the age of study subjects. Only 46.1% provided comprehensive detailed results of performance studies; only 1.9% included a link to a scientific publication with safety and efficacy data. Only 9.0% contained a prospective study for post-market surveillance. Despite the growing number of market-approved medical devices, our data shows that FDA reporting data remains inconsistent. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are underreported, exacerbating the risk of algorithmic bias and health disparity.

Matching journals

The top 5 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

50% of probability mass above

"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.