Structure and mechanism of biosynthesis of Streptococcus mutans cell wall polysaccharide
Rush, J. S.; Zamakhaeva, S.; Murner, N. R.; Deng, P.; Morris, A. J.; Kenner, C. W.; Black, I.; Heiss, C.; Azadi, P.; Korotkov, K. V.; Widmalm, G.; Korotkova, N.
Show abstract
Streptococcus mutans, the causative agent of human dental caries, expresses a cell wall attached Serotype c-specific Carbohydrate (SCC) that is critical for cell viability. SCC consists of a repeating [->]3)-Rha(1[->]2)-Rha(1[->] polyrhamnose backbone, with glucose (Glc) side-chains and glycerol phosphate (GroP) decorations. This study reveals that SCC has one major and two minor Glc modifications. The major Glc modification, -Glc, attached to position 2 of 3-rhamnose, is installed by SccN and SccM glycosyltransferases and is the site of the GroP addition. The minor Glc modifications are {beta}-Glc linked to position 4 of 3-rhamnose installed by SccP and SccQ glycosyltransferases, and -Glc attached to position 4 of 2-rhamnose installed by SccN working in tandem with an unknown enzyme. Both the major and the minor {beta}-Glc modifications control bacterial morphology, but only the GroP and major Glc modifications are critical for biofilm formation.
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