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Defensive fungal symbiosis on insect hindlegs

Nishino, T.; Mukai, H.; Moriyama, M.; Hosokawa, T.; Tanahashi, M.; Tachikawa, S.; Nikoh, N.; Koga, R.; Fukatsu, T.

2024-03-25 microbiology
10.1101/2024.03.25.586038 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Tympanal organs as "insect ears" have evolved repeatedly. Dinidorid stinkbugs were reported to possess a conspicuous tympanal organ on females hindlegs. Here we report an unexpected discovery that the stinkbugs "tympanal organ" is actually a novel symbiotic organ. The stinkbugs "tympanum" is not membranous but a porous cuticle, where each pore connects to glandular secretory cells. In reproductive females, the hindleg organ is covered with fungal hyphae growing out of the pores. Upon oviposition, the females skillfully transfer the fungi from the organ to the eggs. The eggs are quickly covered with hyphae and physically protected against wasp parasitism. The fungi are mostly benign Cordycipitaceae entomopathogens and show considerable diversity among insect individuals and populations, indicating environmental acquisition of specific fungal associates. These results uncover a novel external fungal symbiosis in which hosts elaborate morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations underpin the selective recruitment of benign entomopathogens for a defensive purpose.

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"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.