Why did people not get vaccinated against COVID-19? Results from a nationwide survey among Mexican adults

ObjectiveTo explore the reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Material and methodsIn October 2021, a nationwide structured telephone survey (disproportionate stratified sampling) was conducted regarding COVID-19 pandemics, including vaccination experience. To examine associations between inoculation and other characteristics, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied. ResultsOut of 3 126 adults, 68% reported complete vaccination and 21% only the first dose, while 11% remained unvaccinated. Non-vaccination was associated with being younger, male, without a partner, low socioeconomic level, and no previous diagnosis of hypertension, obesity or diabetes. Furthermore, the non-vaccinated were less likely to have tested for COVID-19, and more likely to consider COVID-19 as low severe and not real compared with the vaccinated. Using logistic regression models: place of residence, marital status, educational level, age, BMI, testing for COVID-19, and the perception of COVID-19 (severe and real) were significant predictors of non-vaccination. The predominant reasons for not getting vaccinated were: 63% "external barriers" (e.g., not being able to attend an appointment), and 37% "internal motives" (e.g., "vaccine does not work"). ConclusionsThe causes of non-vaccination against COVID-19 are related to both social and geographical determinants. Addressing external barriers is necessary in order to promote equity in vaccination. Reviewing the results in the context of earlier studies on the willingness to vaccinate, the gap between intention and vaccination is notable.