Assessing White Matter Engagement in Brain Networks through Functional and Structural Connectivity Mapping

Understanding the intricate interplay between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) is crucial for deciphering the complex activities of the brain. While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has advanced the mapping of these structural pathways, the relationship between structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) remains inadequately understood. This study addresses the need for a more integrative approach by mapping the importance of the inter-GM functional link to its structural counterparts in WM. This mapping yields a spatial distribution of engagement that is not only highly reproducible but also aligns with direct structural, functional, and bioenergetic measures within WM, illustrating a notable interdependence between the function of GM and the characteristics of WM. Additionally, our research has uncovered a set of unique engagement modes through a clustering analysis of window-wise engagement maps, highlighting the dyanmic nature of the engagement. The engagement along with their temporal variations revealed significant differences across genders and age groups. These findings suggest the potential of WM engagement as a biomarker for neurological and cognitive conditions, offering a more nuanced understanding of individualized brain activity and connectivity patterns.