Identification of a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer with Dual Modulatory Effects on GPX4 Activity and Stability
Wang, J.; Liao, L.; Yang, B.; Miao, B.; Li, B.; Ma, X.; Fitz, A.; Wu, S.; He, J.; Zhang, Q.; Ji, S.; Jin, G.; Zhang, J.; Bernards, R.; Qin, W.; Sun, C.; Wang, C.
Show abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of intracellular iron-dependent cell death that differs from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. GPX4, an antioxidant defense enzyme, plays a pivotal role as regulator of ferroptosis. Extensive researches suggest that targeting GPX4 holds promise for cancer therapy. However, the current GPX4 inhibitors face challenges due to unfavorable drug-like properties, which hinder their progress in clinical development. In this study, we identified a novel inhibitor called MI-2, demonstrating potent ferroptosis-inducing capacity. Mechanistically, MI-2 effectively inhibits the activity of GPX4 by direct interaction. Furthermore, MI-2 promotes the degradation of GPX4 through its well-established target, MALT1. In multiple cancer models, MI-2 has demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with sorafenib or regorafenib, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis induction. These findings highlight the dual modulatory effects of MI-2 on GPX4 activity and stability, offering a promising starting point for the development of drug-like GPX4 inhibitors with translational potential.
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