Axonal PLC-γ activity is required for BDNF long-distance signaling.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) are important signaling proteins that regulate dendritic growth and maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS). After binding of BDNF, TrkB is endocytosed into endosomes and continues signaling within the cell soma, dendrites, and axon. We showed that BDNF signaling initiated in axons triggers long-distance signaling, inducing dendritic arborization in a CREB-dependent manner in cell bodies, processes that depend on axonal dynein and TrkB activities. The binding of BDNF to TrkB triggers the activation of different signaling pathways, including the ERK1/2, PLC-{gamma} and PI3K-mTOR pathways, to induce dendritic growth and synaptic plasticity. How TrkB downstream pathways regulate long-distance signaling is unclear. Here, we studied the role of PLC-{gamma}-Ca2+ in BDNF/TrkB-induced long-distance signaling using compartmentalized microfluidic cultures. We found that dendritic branching and CREB phosphorylation induced by axonal BDNF stimulation require the activation of PLC-{gamma} in the axons of cortical neurons. Locally on axons, BDNF increases PLC-{gamma} phosphorylation and induces intracellular Ca2+ waves in a PLC-{gamma}-dependent manner. Moreover, the transport of BDNF-containing signaling endosomes to the cell body was dependent on PLC-{gamma} activity and intracellular Ca2+ stores. Furthermore, the activity of PLC-{gamma} is required for BDNF-dependent TrkB endocytosis, suggesting a role for the TrkB/PLC-{gamma} signaling pathway in axonal signaling endosome generation.