Novel diagnosis and progression microRNA signatures in melanoma

Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer with a high mortality rate, has recently experienced an increase in incidence. Consequently, the search for biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), to facilitate the early detection and management of cancer patients represents a significant current concern. To identify these potential biomarkers, we developed a novel and integrative strategy. This involved conducting a systematic review of melanoma studies in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, followed by the performance of exploratory analysis and data normalization. Subsequently, individual analyses were conducted for each study, followed by a meta-analysis of miRNAs that integrated all results while considering patient information. In the diagnostic scenario, we identified twenty-four differentially expressed miRNAs, with eleven being upregulated and thirteen being downregulated. In the severity scenario, a total of twenty-three differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, comprising seven that were upregulated and sixteen that were downregulated. An extensive functional characterization of these miRNA signatures was conducted, providing insight into their biological role and impact on melanoma diagnosis and prognosis. Our findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms and developmental processes involved in melanoma, particularly in early-stage development and ulceration. This, in turn, provides a foundation for the development of novel resources for the precise detection and treatment of melanoma.