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Enhanced Omicron subvariant cross-neutralization efficacy of a monovalent SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 mRNA vaccine encoding a noncleaved, nonfusogenic spike antigen

Seo, H. Y.; Jung, H.; Woo, H.; Jung, H.-G.; Bak, Y.; Lee, S.-Y.; Son, Y.-M.; Yoon, G.; Son, Y.-M.; Hwang, S.-Y.; Park, I.; Shin, J.-S.; Oh, J.-W.

2023-09-11 immunology
10.1101/2023.09.10.557088 bioRxiv
Show abstract

The rapid emergence of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants, notably the Omicron variant, poses challenges to vaccine development. Here, we present a noncleaved, nonfusogenic spike (S) protein eliciting robust B- and T-cell immune responses against Omicron BA.5. The antigen incorporates the R685S and R815A mutations, effectively preventing the shedding of the S1 subunit and eliminating fusogenic activity of the resulting S antigen, termed S(SA). Through reverse genetic analysis, we found that the noncleaved form S protein with the R685S mutation enhances ACE2-dependent viral entry in vitro compared to the wild-type S protein, without increasing the virulence of the mutant virus in mice. The mRNA vaccine encoding the Omicron BA.4/5 S(SA) antigen conferred protective immunity in mice following two doses of 1 g {Psi}-UTP- or UTP-incorporated mRNA vaccines. Despite a roughly 6-fold reduction in neutralizing potency, both mRNA vaccines exhibited broad neutralizing efficacy against Omicron subvariants, including the XBB lineage variants XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16.

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"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.