Influences of Formalin Gas on Gene Expression Level of Tumor Protein TP53 in the Liver and Kidney of the Quail (Coturnix coturnix)

This study was the first to highlight the deleterious effect of formalin gas on gene expression of the tumor protein TP53 in the Liver and Kidney. This experiment was conducted according to the animal ethics and regulations of the College of Veterinary Medicine and the University of Al- Qadisiyah. Quails were divided into four groups: three groups were exposed to two hours of formalin gas twice daily, two hours in the morning and evening, for 30 days, and the fourth group was the control with the same environmental conditions except for formalin. Then, quails were killed on different days (10, 20, and 30 days), and Liver, kidney, and blood specimens were collected for gene expression, histological, and biochemical studies. The result displayed that formalin gas caused by disturbances in liver and kidney functions, in addition to the great pathological liver and kidney changes, showed acute hepatitis and nephritis. 5% of the formalin gas significantly increased the expression of TP53in the liver and kidney regularly with a period of exposure, which confirmed that P53 might be considered a suitable biomarker for formalin impaction in humans and animals. This study noticed that 5% of formalin gas significantly increased the expression of regular in the liver and kidney, depending on the exposure time. Therefore, this study considered a P53 determinant biomarker for assessing the effect and risk of formalin gas on cancer diseases in humans and animals digestive and urinary systems.