Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the airway epithelium of Cystic Fibrosis lung tissues

RATIONALEPseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) is the major bacterial pathogen colonizing the airways of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and causes chronic infections that persist despite antibiotic therapy. Intracellular bacteria may represent an unrecognized reservoir of bacteria that evades the immune system and antibiotic therapy. While the ability of P.a. to invade and survive within epithelial cells has been described in vitro in different epithelial cell models, evidence of this intracellular lifestyle in human lung tissues is currently lacking. OBJECTIVESTo detect and characterize intracellular P.a. in CF airway epithelium from human lung explant tissues. METHODSWe sampled the lung explant tissues from CF and non-CF patients undergoing lung transplantation and analyzed lung tissue sections for the presence of intracellular P.a. by quantitative culture and microscopy, in parallel to histopathology and airway morphometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTSP.a. was isolated from the lungs of 7 CF patients undergoing lung transplantation. Microscopic assessment revealed the presence of intracellular P.a. within airway epithelial cells in 3 out of the 7 lungs analyzed, at a varying but rare frequency. We observed those events occurring in lung regions with high bacterial burden. CONCLUSIONThis is the first study describing the presence of intracellular P.a. in CF lung tissues. While intracellular P.a. in airway epithelial cells are likely relatively rare events, our findings highlight the plausible occurrence of this intracellular bacterial reservoir in chronic CF infections.