DiPPI: A curated dataset for drug-like molecules in protein-protein interfaces

Proteins interact through their interfaces, and dysfunction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has been associated with various diseases. Therefore, investigating the properties of the drug-modulated PPIs and interface-targeting drugs is critical. Here, we present a curated large dataset for drug-like molecules in protein interfaces. We further present DiPPI (Drugs in Protein-Protein Interfaces), a two-module website to facilitate the search for such molecules and their properties by exploiting our dataset in drug repurposing studies. In the interface module of the website, we extracted several properties of interfaces, such as amino acid properties, hotspots, evolutionary conservation of drug-binding amino acids, and post-translational modifications of these residues. On the drug-like molecule side, we curated a list of drug-like small molecules and FDA-approved drugs from various databases and extracted those that bind to the interfaces. We further clustered the drugs based on their molecular fingerprints to confine the search for an alternative drug to a smaller space. Drug properties, including Lipinskis rules and various molecular descriptors, are also calculated and made available on the website to guide the selection of drug molecules. Our dataset contains 534,203 interfaces for 98,632 proteins, of which 55,135 are detected to bind to a drug-like molecule. 2,214 drug-like molecules are deposited on our website, among which 335 are FDA-approved. DiPPI provides users with an easy-to-follow scheme for drug repurposing studies through its well-curated and clustered interface and drug data; and is freely available at http://interactome.ku.edu.tr:8501.