Synaptic dysfunction and dysregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes in dopaminergic neurons derived from Parkinson's disease sporadic patients and with GBA1 mutations

Parkinsons disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with both genetic and sporadic origins. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties, synaptic activity, and gene expression differences in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy controls, sporadic PD (sPD) patients, and PD patients with GBA1 mutations. Our results demonstrate reduced sodium currents and synaptic activity in DA neurons derived from PD patients with GBA1 mutations, suggesting a potential contribution to PD pathophysiology. We also observed distinct electrophysiological alterations in sPD DA neurons that were dependent on the age of disease onset. RNA sequencing analysis revealed unique dysregulated pathways in early and late-onset sPD neurons, further supporting the notion that molecular mechanisms driving PD may be different between PD patients. In agreement with our previous reports, ECM and focal adhesion genes were the top dysregulated pathways in DA neurons from sPD patients and from patients with GBA1 mutations. Overall, this study gives further confirmation that the convergent functional phenotypes of DA neurons derived from PD patients are synaptic abnormalities and at the transcriptome level, ECM and focal adhesion pathways are highly involved in PD pathology across multiple PD-associated mutations as well as sPD.