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An IL-1β driven neutrophil-stromal cell axis fosters a BAFF-rich microenvironment in multiple myeloma

de Jong, M. M.; Fokkema, C.; Papazian, N.; van Heusden, T.; Vermeulen, M.; Hoogenboezem, R.; van Beek, G.; Tahri, S.; Sanders, M. A.; van de Woestijne, P.; Gay, F.; Moreau, P.; Büttner-Herold, M.; Bruns, H.; van Duin, M.; Broijl, A.; Sonneveld, P.; Cupedo, T.

2023-03-05 immunology
10.1101/2023.03.03.530773 bioRxiv
Show abstract

The bone marrow permanently harbors high numbers of neutrophils, and a tumor-supportive bias of these cells could significantly impact bone marrow-confined malignancies. In multiple myeloma, the bone marrow is characterized by inflammatory stromal cells with the potential to influence neutrophils. We investigated myeloma-associated alterations in marrow neutrophils and the impact of stromal inflammation on neutrophil function. Mature neutrophils in myeloma marrow are activated and tumor-supportive, transcribing increased levels of IL-1{beta}, and myeloma cell survival factor BAFF. Interactions with inflammatory stromal cells can induce neutrophil activation, including BAFF secretion, in a STAT3-dependent manner and once activated, neutrophils gain the ability to reciprocally induce stromal activation. After first-line myeloid-depleting treatment, patient bone marrow retains residual stromal inflammation and newly-formed neutrophils are reactivated. Combined, we identify a neutrophil-stromal cell feed-forward loop driving tumor-supportive inflammation that persists after treatment and warrants novel strategies to target both stromal and immune microenvironments in multiple myeloma.

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