Anti-inflammatory SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity in asymptomatic seronegative Kenyan adults
Samandari, T.; Ongalo, J.; McCarthy, K. D.; Biegon, R. K.; Madiega, P.; Mithika, A.; Orinda, J.; Mboya, G. M.; Mwaura, P.; Anzala, O.; Onyango, C.; Oluoch, F. O.; Osoro, E.; Dutertre, C.-A.; Tan, N.; Hang, S. K.; Hariharaputran, S.; Lye, D. C. B.; Herman-Roloff, A.; Le Bert, N.; Bertoletti, A.
Show abstract
Antibodies are used to estimate prevalence of past infection. However, T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 may more accurately define prevalence because SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies wane. In November-December 2021, we studied serological and cellular immune responses in residents of rural Kenya who had not experienced any respiratory symptom nor had contact with COVID-19 cases. Among participants we detected anti-spike antibodies in 41.0% and T cell responses against [≥]2 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in 82.5%, which implies that serosurveys underestimate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in settings where asymptomatic infections prevail. Distinct from cellular immunity in European and Asian COVID-19 convalescents, strong T cell immunogenicity was observed against viral accessory proteins in these asymptomatic Africans, as well as a higher IL-10/IFN-{gamma} ratio cytokine profile, suggesting that environmental or genetic factors modulate pro-inflammatory responses. FundingU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection. Singapore Ministry of Healths National Medical Research Council under its COVID-19 Research Fund (COVID19RF3-0060, COVID19RF-001 and COVID19RF-008) and the Singapore Ministry of Healths National Medical Research Council MOH-000019 (MOH-StaR17Nov-0001).
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