Neuron Navigator 1 Regulates Learning, Memory, and the Response to Multiple Potentially Addictive Drugs

Genetic variation accounts for much of the risk for developing a substance use disorder (SUD). Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in the extent of voluntary cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA). Computational genetic analysis of IVSA data obtained from an inbred strain panel identified Nav1, a member of the neuron navigator family that regulates dendrite formation and axonal guidance, as a candidate gene. To test this hypothesis, we generated and characterized Nav1 knockout (KO) mice. Nav1 KO mice exhibited increased cocaine intake during IVSA testing. Surprisingly, Nav1 KO mice also displayed a reduced susceptibility to become opioid dependent or develop opioid-induced hyperalgesia after chronic morphine administration, and had impaired spatial learning/memory. Immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology studies revealed that inhibitory synapse density in the cortex of Nav1 KO mice was reduced, and excitatory synaptic transmission was increased in the Nav1 KO cortex and hippocampus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Nav1 KO mice had a marked increase in excitatory neurons in a deep cortical layer. Collectively, our results indicate that Nav1 regulates learning, memory, and the response to multiple addictive drugs, and that changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic balance in the cortex and hippocampus could possibly mediate these phenotypic effects.