Tissue-specific transcriptomes reveal mechanisms of microbiome regulation in an ancient fish

The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is an ancient, octoploid fish faced with conservation challenges across its range in North America but a lack of genomic resources has hindered molecular research in the species. To support such research we aimed to provide a transcriptomic database from 13 tissues: brain, esophagus, gill, head kidney, heart, white muscle, liver, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, anterior intestine, pyloric cecum, spiral valve, and rectum. The transcriptomes for each tissue were sequenced and assembled individually from a mean of 98.3 million ({+/-}38.9 million std. dev.) reads each. In addition, an overall transcriptome was assembled and annotated with all data used for each tissue-specific transcriptome. All assembled transcriptomes and their annotations were made publicly available as a scientific resource. The non-gut transcriptomes provide important resources for many research avenues, however, the gut represents a compartmentalized organ system with compartmentalized functions and the sequenced gut tissues were from each of these portions. Therefore, we focused our analysis on mRNA transcribed in different tissues of the gut and explored evidence of microbiome regulation. Gene set enrichment analyses were used to reveal the presence of photoperiod and circadian-related transcripts in the pyloric caecum, which may support periodicity in lake sturgeon digestion. Similar analyses were used to identify different types of innate immune regulation across the gut, while analyses of unique transcripts annotated to microbes revealed heterogeneous genera and genes among different gut tissues. The present results provide a scientific resource and information about the mechanisms of compartmentalized function across gut tissues in a phylogenetically ancient vertebrate.