A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273) and adenovirus vectored vaccines (ChAdOx1-S) after the first, second and third doses
Ryan, F. J.; Norton, T. S.; McCafferty, C.; Blake, S. J.; Stevens, N. E.; James, J.; Eden, G. L.; Tee, Y. C.; Benson, S. C.; Masavuli, M. G.; Yeow, A. E.; Abayasingam, A.; Agapiou, D.; Stevens, H.; Zecha, J.; Messina, N. L.; Curtis, N.; gnjatovic, V.; Monagle, P.; Tran, H.; McFadyen, J. D.; Bull, R.; Grubor-Bauk, B.; Lynn, M. A.; Botten, R.; Barry, S. E.; Lynn, D.
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We longitudinally profiled immune responses in 102 adults who received BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) as their primary vaccinations. Bloods were collected pre-vaccination, 1-7 days after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) to assess innate and early adaptive responses, and [~]28 days after the 2nd and 3rd doses to assess immunogenicity. Using a multi-omics approach including RNAseq, cytokine multiplex assay, proteomics, lipidomics, and flow cytometry we identified key differences in the immune responses induced by the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines that were correlated with subsequent antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses or vaccine reactogenicity. We observed that vaccination with ChAdOx1-S but not BNT162b2 induced a memory-like response after the first dose, which was correlated with the expression of several proteins involved in complement and coagulation. The COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Responses Study (COVIRS) thus represents a major resource to understand the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of these COVID-19 vaccines.
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