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Spontaneously blinking fluorophores for accelerated MINFLUX nanoscopy

Remmel, M.; Scheiderer, L.; Butkevich, A. N.; Bossi, M. L.; Hell, S. W.

2022-08-29 biophysics
10.1101/2022.08.29.505670 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Spontaneously blinking fluorophores, a class of molecules switching rapidly between a dark and a brightly emitting state, have emerged as a popular core to build fluorescent markers for super-resolution microscopy. With typical on-times in the order of tens of milliseconds, they are most suitable for STORM and related nanoscopy methods. Recent MINFLUX nanoscopy, however, can localize molecules even within a millisecond and achieve an up to ten times higher localization precision. Here, we present a series of spontaneous blinkers with short on-times (1-3 ms) matching MINFLUX recording time-scales. Our design builds upon a silicon rhodamine fluorescent core with a modified thiophene- or a benzothiophene-fused spirolactam fragment, which shifts the spirocyclization equilibrium toward the dark closed form at physiological conditions, imparting cell permeability. Concurrently, we obtain a highly photostable, short-lived open form with bright red emission. Characterizing the blinking behavior of single fluorophores bound to three different protein tags (antibodies, nanobodies, and HaloTag self-labeling enzyme) allowed us to select the best candidate for MINFLUX microscopy. The short on-times speed up MINFLUX localization by up to 30-fold.

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"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.