IKKα promotes lung adenocarcinoma growth through activation of ERK signaling via DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of PP1 activity

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% cases of lung cancer cases. Diagnosis at advanced stages is common, after which therapy-refractory disease progression frequently occurs. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control NSCLC progression is necessary to develop new therapies. Overexpression of I{kappa}B kinase (IKK) in NSCLC correlates with poor patient survival. IKK is an NF-{kappa}B-activating kinase that is important in cell survival and differentiation, but its regulation of oncogenic signaling is not well understood. We recently demonstrated that IKK promotes NSCLC cell migration by physically interacting with dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32), and its truncated splice variant, t-DARPP. Here, we show that IKK phosphorylates DARPP-32 at threonine 34, resulting in DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), subsequent PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of ERK, and activation of ERK signaling to promote lung oncogenesis. Correspondingly, DARPP-32 ablation in human lung adenocarcinoma cells reduced their anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Mice challenged with IKK-ablated HCC827 cells exhibited less lung tumor growth than mice orthotopically administered control HCC827 cells. Our findings suggest that IKK drives NSCLC growth through activation of ERK signaling via DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of PP1 activity.