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Novel populations of CD4+ T cells associated with vaccine efficacy

Woodring, T.; Dewey, C. N.; Dos Santos Dias, L.; He, X.; Dobson, H. E.; Wuethrich, M.; klein, b. s.

2022-06-26 immunology
10.1101/2022.06.23.497400 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Memory T cells underpin vaccine-induced immunity but are not yet fully understood. To distinguish features of memory cells that confer protective immunity, we used single cell transcriptome analysis to compare antigen-specific CD4+ T cells recalled to lungs of mice that received a protective or nonprotective subunit vaccine followed by challenge with a fungal pathogen. We unexpectedly found populations specific to protection that expressed a strong type I interferon response signature, whose distinctive transcriptional signature appeared unconventionally dependent on IFN-{gamma} receptor. We also detected a unique population enriched in protection that highly expressed the gene for the natural killer cell marker NKG7. Lastly, we detected differences in TCR gene use and in Th1- and Th17-skewed responses after protective and nonprotective vaccine, respectively, reflecting heterogeneous Ifng- and Il17a-expressing populations. Our findings highlight key features of transcriptionally diverse and distinctive antigen-specific T cells associated with protective vaccine-induced immunity.

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